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“三山夹两盆”是新疆典型的地貌特征,受构造运动影响天山山脉形成了许多山间断陷盆地,在山体隆起及褶皱运动的影响下前山地带还分布有许多由向斜构造形成的凹陷洼地,而且大多数河流出山口冲洪积扇底部都有一个山前凹陷带。由此,盆地—山间断陷盆地—山前向斜凹陷—山前凹陷带即成为巨大的地下储水构造。盆地周边山区降水量大,海拔3800m以上为高山常年积雪区,并分布有大面积的冰川,降水及冰雪消融汇集成河,流向盆地并成为这些地下储水构造的主要补给水源。在漫长的地质时期地下储水构造存蓄了大量的地下水,为地下水库的建设提供了良好的自然条件。本文在系统总结国内外地下水库研究成果和实践经验的基础上,针对新疆四大地下储水构造特征、地下水循环特征和丰富的地下水储量,研究探讨了建设地下水库的可行性、成库条件、工程结构型式及其关键技术,对于充分发挥地下储水构造及储存水的自然优势,系统开展地表水与地下水联合调度,拓展地下水与地表水调控的时间和空间尺度,更好地发挥干旱区水资源的综合效益,具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义。
“Sanshan clip two basins ” is a typical Xinjiang landscape features, by the tectonic movement of the Tianshan Mountains formed a number of mountain fault basin, in the mountain uplift and fold movement under the influence of the former mountain belt also distributed many formed by the syncline structure Depression depression, and most of the river outflow alluvial fan bottom has a piedmont depression zone. As a result, the basin - mountain fault basin - piedmont depression - piedmont depression zone that has become a huge underground water structure. Precipitation in the mountainous area around the basin is large. Above 3800m above sea level, it is a perennial snow-covered area in the mountainous area. Large areas of glaciers, precipitation and ice and snow melt are distributed to form rivers that flow to the basin and become the main recharge water sources for these underground water structures. In the long geological period underground water storage structure has saved a lot of groundwater, providing a good natural conditions for the construction of underground reservoirs. Based on the systematic summarization of the research results and practical experiences of underground reservoirs both at home and abroad, this paper studies the feasibility of constructing underground reservoirs, the condition of reservoir formation, the characteristics of groundwater circulation and the groundwater reserves of the four major underground structures in Xinjiang, The structure types of the project and its key technologies are to systematically carry out the joint dispatch of surface water and groundwater to make full use of the natural advantages of underground water storage structure and storage of water so as to expand the time and space scale of groundwater and surface water regulation and control and make better use of the water The comprehensive benefits of resources have important practical significance and far-reaching strategic significance.