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本文采用田间试验,对打顶后生长过旺的烟株喷施不同浓度钨酸钠,研究其对烤烟碳氮代谢酶活性、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量以及烟叶化学成分的影响。结果发现,钨酸钠处理烟株的蔗糖转化酶活性表现为先降低后略微升高的趋势,淀粉酶活性整体表现出先下降后上升又略有下降的趋势,其中对照烟叶的酶活性显著小于处理烟株。硝酸还原酶的活性表现为先升高后降低,钨酸钠处理烟株的硝酸还原酶活性显著下降。说明打顶后对生长过旺的烟株喷施钨酸钠在一定程度上减弱了烟株的氮代谢,减少了打顶后对氮素的持续利用,促进烟叶成熟落黄。喷施0.5和1.0 mmol·L~(-1)钨酸钠能显著降低烤后烟叶的硝酸盐含量,而喷施1.0和1.5 mmol·L~(-1)钨酸钠能显著降低亚硝酸盐的含量。整体来看,喷施钨酸钠对上部叶的影响大于中部叶,其中喷施1.0 mmol·L~(-1)钨酸钠的上部叶硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的下降幅度最大,分别达到31.73%和20.23%。同时,施用钨酸钠增加了烤后烟叶钾含量,降低了氯和烟碱的含量,烟叶化学成分协调。综合看来,以喷施1.0mmol·L~(-1)的钨酸钠效果较好。
In this paper, different concentrations of sodium tungstate were sprayed on topdressing tobacco plants in a field experiment to study their effects on the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes, nitrate, nitrite and the chemical constituents of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the activities of sucrose invertase of tobacco plants treated with sodium tungstate showed a slight decrease after a slight increase and the activity of amylase tended to decrease firstly and then decreased slightly. The activity of enzyme in the control tobacco was significantly less than that of the control Tobacco plant. Nitrate reductase activity increased first and then decreased, nitrate reductase activity of tobacco plants treated with sodium tungstate significantly decreased. The results showed that spraying sodium tungstate on over-grown tobacco plants to a certain extent weakened the nitrogen metabolism of tobacco plants, reduced the continuous use of nitrogen and improved the yellowing of tobacco leaves after topping. Spraying 0.5 and 1.0 mmol·L -1 sodium tungstate could significantly reduce the nitrate content of roasted tobacco leaves, while spraying 1.0 and 1.5 mmol·L -1 sodium tungstate significantly reduced nitrite Content. On the whole, sprayed sodium tungstate had more influence on the upper leaf than the middle leaf, and nitrate and nitrite content of the upper leaf sprayed with 1.0 mmol·L -1 sodium tungstate had the largest drop, reaching respectively 31.73% and 20.23%. At the same time, the application of sodium tungstate increased the potassium content of roasted leaves, reduced the content of chlorine and nicotine, and the chemical composition of tobacco leaves was coordinated. In summary, spraying 1.0mmol·L -1 sodium tungstate is better.