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The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty and vein graft.In this study, MTT colormetry was used to test the effective scope of emodin to inhibit VSMCs proliferation.Flow cytometry and confocal image were adopted to investigate its inhibitive mechanism.The results show that emodin could inhibit the growth and proliferation of VSMCs and the inhibition rate of emodin on VSMCs is 24.6%-94.58%, which is time - and concentration - dependent.Emodin could reduce S phase entry, increase the apoptosis of VSMCs, and reduce the intensity of[Ca2+]i in hPDGF B/B stimulated VSMCs.This research provides theoretical basis for medical application of emodin.It is concluded that emodin could inhibit the growth and proliferation of VSMCs effectively.Decreasing the DNA synthesis, increasing the cell apoptosis and reducing the intensity of[Ca2+]i in hPDGF B/B stimulated VSMCs may be the inhibitive mechanism of emodin against VSMCs proliferation.