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The experimental results of the thermal conductivities of xonotlite-type calcium silicate insulation materials were presented at different temperatures and pressures.Two appropriative surroundings,i.e.an elevated temperature surrounding from ambient temperature to 1450 K and a vacuum surrounding from atmosphere pressure to 10-3 Pa,were designed for the transient hot-strip (THS) method.The thermal conduetivities of xonotlite-type calcium silicate with four densities from ambient temperature to 1000 K and 0.045 Pa to atmospheric pressure were measured.The results show that the thermal conductivity of xunotlite-type calcium silicate decreases apparently with the fall of density,and decreases apparently with the drop of pressure,and reaches the least value at about 100 Pa.The thermal conductivity of xonotlite-type calcium silicate increases almost linearly with T3,and increases more abundantly with low density than with high density.The thermal conductivity measurement uncertainty is estimated to be approximately 3% at ambient temperature,and 6% at 800 K.