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目的分析小儿脑瘫的相关高危因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法对入选患儿家属发放脑瘫相关高危因素调查问卷,问卷包括患儿的年龄、性别、围生期因素、新生儿因素、母亲因素、父亲因素、孕期母亲居住环境和是否接触有害物质等内容,分析小儿脑瘫的相关因素。结果高危因素的CP患儿占85.64%,其主要的高危因素依据其频率,排名前10位的依次是早产、出生低体质量、先兆流产、病理性黄疸、新生儿感染、新生儿ABO溶血、新生儿颅外伤及颅内出血、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、母亲妊娠期感染、高血压、糖尿病等,具有2项、3项及以上高危因素叠加患儿分别有109例、152例,分别占总病例的27.95%、38.97%。结论消除或减低脑瘫发生率的关键是围生期保健,预防先兆流产、早产和低体质量,及时有效预防或干预新生儿窒息等。
Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with pediatric cerebral palsy and provide the basis for early intervention. Methods Questionnaires on the risk factors related to cerebral palsy were included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire included children’s age, sex, perinatal factors, neonatal factors, maternal factors, father’s factors, living environment of maternal during pregnancy and whether they were exposed to harmful substances. Analysis of children with cerebral palsy related factors. Results The risk factors for CP children accounted for 85.64%, the main risk factors according to their frequency, the top 10 were followed by premature birth, low birth weight, threatened abortion, pathological jaundice, neonatal infection, neonatal ABO hemolysis, Neonatal craniocerebral injury and intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, maternal gestational infection, hypertension, diabetes, with 2, 3 and above risk factors were superfluous children 109 cases and 152 cases, accounting for 27.95% and 38.97% of the total cases respectively. Conclusion The key to eliminating or reducing the incidence of cerebral palsy is perinatal care, prevention of threatened abortion, premature birth and low body weight, timely and effective prevention or intervention of neonatal asphyxia.