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全球气候变暖和自然资源的枯竭,纤维素生物酒精研究是热点之一。纤维素生物质作为生产生物酒精的原料,转化技术难度大,尚不成熟。该文主要对纤维素生物质生物酒精生产过程进行了分析,提出有待解决的问题,并讨论关键技术。得出生物质机械化收集方式能有效保证生物质原料的数量和减少原料成本;通过基因工程途径构建生产纤维素酶提高酶适应性和活性,加快水解效率和增强耐热性能;开发节能精馏装置和注重转化后废物利用。农业工程、生物化学、基因工程等多学科的综合发展将实现纤维素生物酒精工业化。
Global warming and the depletion of natural resources, cellulosic bio-alcohol research is one of the hot spots. As a raw material for producing bio-alcohol, cellulose biomass is difficult and not mature yet. This paper mainly analyzes the production process of bio-ethanol from cellulosic biomass, puts forward the problems to be solved and discusses the key technologies. It is concluded that the mechanized collection of biomass can effectively ensure the quantity of biomass raw materials and reduce the cost of raw materials. The production of cellulase through genetic engineering can improve the enzyme adaptability and activity, speed up the hydrolysis efficiency and enhance the heat resistance. Focus on conversion of waste utilization. The multidisciplinary comprehensive development of agricultural engineering, biochemistry and genetic engineering will realize the industrialization of cellulose bio-alcohol.