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目的分析天津市河北区2008~2012年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统的运转情况、疫苗的安全性和预防接种服务质量。方法收集天津市河北区2008~2012年AEFI监测系统报告的个案数据,利用Excel建立数据库,采用描述性流行病学方法对相关指标进行分析。结果天津市河北区2008~2012共报告AEFI 469例,报告发生率为61.79/10万,其中男性259例(55.22%),女性210例(44.78%),病例发生年龄主要集中在3岁以内,一般反应227例(48.40%),异常反应197例(42.00%),偶合症45例(9.59%),无疫苗质量事故、接种事故及心因性反应的发生;48 h及时报告率93.39%,48 h及时调查率97.98%,以街道为单位报告覆盖率为100%;AEFI涉及的22类疫苗中,以麻疹减毒活疫苗为主,235例(50.11%),其次为吸附无细胞百白破疫苗;76.33%的AEFI反应发生在接种后1 d或1 d内,间隔最短的为55 min,为接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗后发生的血管性水肿,间隔最长的为9个月,为接种卡介苗后发生的异常反应(卡介苗淋巴结炎);469例AEFI治愈465例,好转3例,偶合死亡1例。结论河北区AEFI监测系统运转正常,疫苗的安全性和预防接种质量良好。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of suspected AEFI in Hebei from 2008 to 2012 and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system, the safety of vaccines and the quality of vaccination services. Methods The data of AEFI surveillance system from 2008 to 2012 in Hebei District of Tianjin were collected and used to establish a database. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the related indicators. Results A total of 469 AEFI cases were reported in Hebei District of Tianjin from 2008 to 2012, with a reported incidence of 61.79 / 100 000, of which 259 (55.22%) were male and 210 (44.78%) were female. The age of onset was mainly within 3 years of age, There were 227 cases (48.40%) of general reaction, 197 cases (42.00%) of abnormal reaction and 45 cases (9.59%) of coupling disease without any vaccine accident, vaccination accident and cardioembolism. The timely report rate was 93.39% 48 h and timely investigation rate of 97.98%, with coverage of 100% as a street reporting unit. Among the 22 types of AEFI vaccines, live attenuated measles vaccine was the main method with 235 cases (50.11%), followed by the adsorption of acellular white 76.33% of the AEFI reaction occurred within 1 d or 1 d after inoculation with the shortest interval of 55 min, which was the angioedema that occurred after inoculation of 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine with the longest interval of 9 months, For BCG vaccination after the abnormal reaction (BCG lymphadenitis); 469 cases of AEFI cured 465 cases, improved in 3 cases, the couple died in 1 case. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in Hebei Province is in normal operation, and the vaccine safety and vaccination quality are good.