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根据机床的计算机控制的基本原理,本文讨论了磨削过程的计算机适应性控制的一般问题。文中,集中讨论了磨削过程的表面粗糙度的在线红外光测量,并把这一测量作为CNC系统的一部分,以便自动地达到理想的表面光洁度。在自相关技术的基础上,推导了表面拓扑的一般方程式。研究表明,表面的拓扑特征可以用表面粗糙度的功率谱密度(PSD)来加以描述;从磨削表面反射的光的强度与表面光度的均方根平均值σ_z(即R_q值)有关;由表面粗糙度引起的散射光的‘全积分散射’(TIS)与PSD的零级矩有关。采用光学传感器所测的反射光强和TIS值I_s可以用来将所给零件的表面光洁度与标准样件的表面光洁度加以比较,由此求得I_r和I_s的无因次值V_(rn)和V_(sn)。实验结果表明,比值R=(V_(rn)-V_(sn)(V_(rn)+V_(sn))适于作为表面光洁度的测量指标,此值与材料无关。 本文所述系作者在英国克朗费尔德理工学院所作研究工作的一部分,该文曾在1981年MTDR(国际机床设计与研究)的年会上宣读过并发表于该会的会刊上。此项研究,曾于1982年2月在伦敦的全英机械展览会上作为发明创造项目展出。这是中译本,翻译时,作者作了某些删节和修改。
According to the basic principles of computer-controlled machine tools, this paper discusses the general problems of computer adaptive control of grinding process. The paper focuses on online infrared light measurement of the surface roughness of the grinding process and uses this measurement as part of a CNC system to automatically achieve the desired surface finish. Based on the autocorrelation technique, the general equation of surface topology is deduced. The study shows that the topological features of the surface can be described by the power spectrum density (PSD) of the surface roughness; the intensity of the light reflected from the grinding surface is related to the average root mean square value σ_z of the surface luminosity (ie R_q value); The ’Total Integral Scattering’ (TIS) of the scattered light due to the surface roughness is related to the zero moment of the PSD. The reflected light intensity and the TIS value I_s measured with an optical sensor can be used to compare the surface finish of a given part with the surface finish of a standard sample, thereby obtaining the dimensionless V_ (rn) and V_ (sn). The experimental results show that the ratio R = (V_ (rn) -V_ (sn) (V_ (rn) + V_ (sn)) is suitable as a measure of the surface finish and the value is independent of the material. Part of the work done by the Kronfeld Institute of Technology, which was read and presented at the annual MTDR (International Machine Design and Research) 1981 conference, was published in 1982 The exhibition was presented at the All England Machinery Exhibition in London in February as an invention project, which was a Chinese translation. The author made some abridgements and modifications in the translation.