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日本利用突变育成的品种,首推1961年的“早神力”大麦和“早熟”油菜,至1981年,直接利用突变育成28个品种,间接利用突变育成17个品种(表1、2)。这些品种,从粮油作物到观赏植物,涉及13种作物。其中以水稻最多(17个),其次是大麦(6个)、秋海棠(6个)。水稻中有14个是以“黎明”或突变系为杂交亲本育成的间接利用的品种。在直接利用中,从品种处理到育成的平均年数,农作物为7.9年,草本观赏植物为16.8年。从诱变源来看,直接利用的28个品种中,23个是通过γ射线照射。此外,X射线和秋水仙素处理各一例,化学物质与~(32)P的β射线和γ射线结合处理3例。直接利用和间接利用合并计算,国家级试验研究机关育成的品种有14个;都道府县立试验研究机关育成的品种有23个;民间育成品种有8个。
Japan made use of the varieties of mutation breeding, devaluing barley and precocious rape in 1961. By 1981, 28 cultivars were directly mutated and 17 cultivars were indirectly harvested (Table 1 and 2). These varieties, from grain and oil crops to ornamental plants, involved 13 crops. Among them, rice was the most (17), followed by barley (6) and Begonia (6). Fourteen rice cultivars were indirectly cultivated with “dawn” or mutant lines as hybrid parents. In direct use, the average number of years from species handling to breeding is 7.0 years for crops and 16.8 years for herbaceous ornamental plants. From the mutagenic point of view, the direct use of 28 varieties, 23 are irradiated by gamma rays. In addition, X-ray and colchicine treatment in each case, the chemical substances and ~ (32) P β-ray and γ-ray combination of treatment in 3 cases. Directly using and indirectly using the merger calculation, the state-level experimental research institute has bred 14 varieties; the prefectural experimental research institute has 23 bred varieties; and 8 non-human cultivated varieties.