评估单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎早期影像学敏感性和特异性的最适时机以及早期随访的重要性。对４６例经单纯疱疹病毒－ＤＮＡ－多聚酶链反应／单纯疱疹病毒特异抗体检测确诊的单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎病人影像资料进行回顾性分析。认为评价早期影像学敏感性和特异性的最适时机分别起于发病后的第６天和第７～８天，ＭＲＩ优于ＣＴ，早期影像学随访是必要的 The optimal timing for assessing the early radiographic sensitivity and specificity of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and the importance of early follow-up. 46 cases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis confirmed by herpes simplex virus-DNA-polymerase chain reaction / herpes simplex virus-specific antibody were retrospectively analyzed. It is considered that the optimal timing to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of early radiography is from the 6th and 7th to 8th days after onset respectively. MRI is superior to CT and early imaging follow-up is necessary