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新疆地处内陆干旱区,土壤积盐严重,根据中巴地球资源卫星2005年遥感影像解译和实际调查,新疆现有耕地面积5.05×106 hm2,其中盐渍化耕地面积1.62×106 hm2,占耕地总面积的32.07%,占新疆中低产田60%以上,土壤盐渍化是影响新疆农业发展的主要因素。盐渍化耕地大多分布在地下水较高的地区,如冲积扇扇缘地下水溢出带、大河三角洲、冲积平原中下部及淡水湖湖滨平原,这里地下水矿化度不高,含水层富水性好,有些还具有承压或自流水分布,是利用地下水的最好地段。在这些地方开发地下水既能增加灌溉用水量,解决春旱和灌溉高峰期缺水问题,又能降低地下水位,使耕地实现稳定脱盐,一举两得。
Xinjiang is located in inland arid regions with serious salt accumulation in soil. According to the interpretation and actual survey of China Earth Resources Satellite 2005 by remote sensing images, the present cultivated land area in Xinjiang is 5.05 × 106 hm2, of which salinized cultivated land area is 1.62 × 106 hm2, Accounting for 32.07% of the total cultivated land area, accounting for more than 60% of low and medium-yield land in Xinjiang. Soil salinization is the main factor affecting the agricultural development in Xinjiang. Salinized cultivated land is mostly distributed in areas with high groundwater, such as the overflow zone of alluvial fan groundwater, the delta of the river, the middle and lower reaches of the alluvial plain and the lakeshore plain of the fresh water lake, where the degree of groundwater salinity is not high, and the aquifer is rich in water with some Also has pressure or self-flowing water distribution, is the best use of groundwater lots. The development of groundwater in these areas can not only increase the amount of irrigation water, solve the drought and irrigation peak water shortage problems, but also reduce the groundwater level, so that arable land to achieve a stable desalination, serve two purposes.