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一、 连词归纳
连词是一种连接单词、短语、从句或分句的虚词,它在句中不能单独充当句子成分。连词主要分为两大类,即并列连词和从属连词。
1. 并列连词
表示平行、对等关系的并列连词有: and(和), both ... and(和……都), not only ... but also(不仅……而且), as well as(也);表示转折关系的并列连词有: but(但是), yet(然而), while(而);表示选择关系的并列连词有: or(或者;否则、要不然), either ... or(或者……或者), neither ... nor(既不……也不), not ... but(不是……而是); 表示因果关系的并列连词有: so(所以), for(因为)。
2. 从属连词
引导从句的连词叫做从属连词。在初中阶段只要求掌握引导宾语从句和状语从句的从属连词。
引导宾语从句的从属连词主要有: that, 它引导宾语从句时,本身无词义,仅起连接作用,可以省略; if, whether意为“假如”,引导宾语从句时,不可省略。
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有: when(当……的时候), while(当……的时候), as(当……之时), before(在……之前), after(在……之后), since(从……起/开始), till/until(直到……), as soon as(一……就), by the time(到……时);引导条件状语从句的从属连词有: if(假如)和 unless(假如不/除非);引导原因状语从句的从属连词有: because(因为), as(因为/由于), since(既然;由于);引导目的状语从句的从属连词有: so that(以便), in order that(以便);引导结果状语从句的从属连词有: so ... that(如此……以至于……), such ... that(如此……以至于);引导比较状语从句的从属连词有: as ... as(和……一样), not as/so ... as(和……不一样), than(比……更);引导让步状语从句的从属连词有: although/though(尽管), even if/even though(即使), as(虽然), even(甚至), no matter + 疑问词/疑问词 + ever(无论……)。
做题时,首先要熟练掌握连词的基本意义,再结合上下文的语境,分析句子的结构,理顺句子间的逻辑关系,最后才能选定适当的连词。
二、 中考典型考例
请看全国各地中考试卷对连词的考查实例。
1. (2008年云南省) —I’m sorry,______ I can’t go hiking with you this Saturday.
—It’s OK. We can go together next time.
A. and B. so C. or D. but
2. (2008年北京市) It’s a nice house ______it has got a garden.
A. and B. or C. because D. so
3. (2008年重庆市)______he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.
A. But B. Although C. So D. Because
4. (2008年南京市) —Where is the comic book?
—I brought it to you ______ we were in the reading room yesterday.
A. when B. if C. because D. before
5. (2008年山东省) Newton was playing under an apple tree______ an apple fell onto his head.
A. when B. while C. after D. before
6. (2008年吉林省)______he comes back, I will tell him.
A. Where B. How C. When D. What
7. (2008年长沙市) —Was the boy saved?
—No. The doctors tried their best,they failed.
A. and B. so C. but D. for
8. (2008年宁波市) It’s a serious problem. We can’t decide ______ Mr Harris comes back.
A. while B. since C. until D. so
9. (2008年河北省) Susan will not arrive at the airport on time______ she hurries up.
A. once B. if C. when D. unless
10. (2008年江西省) We are going to the bookstore. You can come with us______you can meet us there later.
A. and B. but C. or D. then
11. (2008年河南省) Your dream will not come true ______you know what your dream is.
A. after B. unless C. while D. since
12. (2008年安徽省) I didn’t know ______ they could pass the exam or not.
A. why B. when C. that D. whether
13. (2008年安徽省) —Hurry up. The bus is coming.
—Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street ______the traffic lights are green.
A. after B. until C. while D. since
14. (2008年厦门市) —I hear Jay Chou will come to Xianmen.
—Really?______ he comes, I will be very happy because I’m a big fan of him.
A. If B. Until C. Unless D. So
15. (2008年青海省) —Sam, you look tired today. What’s the matter?
—I was______ busy______I didn’t go to bed until midnight yesterday.
A. too; to B. so; that C. so; to D. to; too
16. (2008年青海省) You can ______stay at home ______go out to play.
A. either; or B. both; and C. so; that D. to; too
17. (2008年苏州市) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______we are actually having that lesson.
A. when B. after C. since D. until
18. (2008年天津市)______ they arrived early at the airport, they nearly missed their flight.
A. As soon as B. Because C. If D. Although
19. (2008年上海市) We should leave early tomorrow morning,______we won’t get there on time.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
20. (2008年沈阳市) Computers, however, are actually ______they were five years ago.
A. so cheap as B. cheaper than
C. so expensive as D. much expensive than
21. (2008年沈阳市) I feared that the film would be boring ______it turned out to be very exciting.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
22. (2008年沈阳市) I’ll park the car at Pacific Place,______the car there is full.
A. unless B. if C. when D. after
23. (2008年南通市) —Perhaps I’m going to the park.
—Would you get me some juice ______ you are there?
A. since B. as C. if D. after
24. (2008年福州市) —______the soldiers are very tired,______ they keep on working.
—They are great. We must learn from them.
A. Because; × B. Though; ×
C. Because; so D. Though; but
Key:1- 5 DCBAA 6-10 CCCDC11-15 BDBAB
16-20 ADDBB21-24 BACB
连词是一种连接单词、短语、从句或分句的虚词,它在句中不能单独充当句子成分。连词主要分为两大类,即并列连词和从属连词。
1. 并列连词
表示平行、对等关系的并列连词有: and(和), both ... and(和……都), not only ... but also(不仅……而且), as well as(也);表示转折关系的并列连词有: but(但是), yet(然而), while(而);表示选择关系的并列连词有: or(或者;否则、要不然), either ... or(或者……或者), neither ... nor(既不……也不), not ... but(不是……而是); 表示因果关系的并列连词有: so(所以), for(因为)。
2. 从属连词
引导从句的连词叫做从属连词。在初中阶段只要求掌握引导宾语从句和状语从句的从属连词。
引导宾语从句的从属连词主要有: that, 它引导宾语从句时,本身无词义,仅起连接作用,可以省略; if, whether意为“假如”,引导宾语从句时,不可省略。
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有: when(当……的时候), while(当……的时候), as(当……之时), before(在……之前), after(在……之后), since(从……起/开始), till/until(直到……), as soon as(一……就), by the time(到……时);引导条件状语从句的从属连词有: if(假如)和 unless(假如不/除非);引导原因状语从句的从属连词有: because(因为), as(因为/由于), since(既然;由于);引导目的状语从句的从属连词有: so that(以便), in order that(以便);引导结果状语从句的从属连词有: so ... that(如此……以至于……), such ... that(如此……以至于);引导比较状语从句的从属连词有: as ... as(和……一样), not as/so ... as(和……不一样), than(比……更);引导让步状语从句的从属连词有: although/though(尽管), even if/even though(即使), as(虽然), even(甚至), no matter + 疑问词/疑问词 + ever(无论……)。
做题时,首先要熟练掌握连词的基本意义,再结合上下文的语境,分析句子的结构,理顺句子间的逻辑关系,最后才能选定适当的连词。
二、 中考典型考例
请看全国各地中考试卷对连词的考查实例。
1. (2008年云南省) —I’m sorry,______ I can’t go hiking with you this Saturday.
—It’s OK. We can go together next time.
A. and B. so C. or D. but
2. (2008年北京市) It’s a nice house ______it has got a garden.
A. and B. or C. because D. so
3. (2008年重庆市)______he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.
A. But B. Although C. So D. Because
4. (2008年南京市) —Where is the comic book?
—I brought it to you ______ we were in the reading room yesterday.
A. when B. if C. because D. before
5. (2008年山东省) Newton was playing under an apple tree______ an apple fell onto his head.
A. when B. while C. after D. before
6. (2008年吉林省)______he comes back, I will tell him.
A. Where B. How C. When D. What
7. (2008年长沙市) —Was the boy saved?
—No. The doctors tried their best,they failed.
A. and B. so C. but D. for
8. (2008年宁波市) It’s a serious problem. We can’t decide ______ Mr Harris comes back.
A. while B. since C. until D. so
9. (2008年河北省) Susan will not arrive at the airport on time______ she hurries up.
A. once B. if C. when D. unless
10. (2008年江西省) We are going to the bookstore. You can come with us______you can meet us there later.
A. and B. but C. or D. then
11. (2008年河南省) Your dream will not come true ______you know what your dream is.
A. after B. unless C. while D. since
12. (2008年安徽省) I didn’t know ______ they could pass the exam or not.
A. why B. when C. that D. whether
13. (2008年安徽省) —Hurry up. The bus is coming.
—Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street ______the traffic lights are green.
A. after B. until C. while D. since
14. (2008年厦门市) —I hear Jay Chou will come to Xianmen.
—Really?______ he comes, I will be very happy because I’m a big fan of him.
A. If B. Until C. Unless D. So
15. (2008年青海省) —Sam, you look tired today. What’s the matter?
—I was______ busy______I didn’t go to bed until midnight yesterday.
A. too; to B. so; that C. so; to D. to; too
16. (2008年青海省) You can ______stay at home ______go out to play.
A. either; or B. both; and C. so; that D. to; too
17. (2008年苏州市) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______we are actually having that lesson.
A. when B. after C. since D. until
18. (2008年天津市)______ they arrived early at the airport, they nearly missed their flight.
A. As soon as B. Because C. If D. Although
19. (2008年上海市) We should leave early tomorrow morning,______we won’t get there on time.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
20. (2008年沈阳市) Computers, however, are actually ______they were five years ago.
A. so cheap as B. cheaper than
C. so expensive as D. much expensive than
21. (2008年沈阳市) I feared that the film would be boring ______it turned out to be very exciting.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
22. (2008年沈阳市) I’ll park the car at Pacific Place,______the car there is full.
A. unless B. if C. when D. after
23. (2008年南通市) —Perhaps I’m going to the park.
—Would you get me some juice ______ you are there?
A. since B. as C. if D. after
24. (2008年福州市) —______the soldiers are very tired,______ they keep on working.
—They are great. We must learn from them.
A. Because; × B. Though; ×
C. Because; so D. Though; but
Key:1- 5 DCBAA 6-10 CCCDC11-15 BDBAB
16-20 ADDBB21-24 BACB