背景 近年来国内提倡对精神分裂症患者以提供社区防治服务为主,然而评价这种服务模式疗效的相关研究为数不多.目的 对纳入成都市社区防治服务系统的精神分裂症患者,评估其继续接受管理服务的比例以及2年内的再住院比例.方法 对成都市金牛区14个社区和青羊区10个社区建档立卡并曾住院治疗的精神分裂症患者随访2年并进行评估.详细记录患者进入本研究时的人口学资料和临床信息,随访2年中每月评估1次并记录患者是否住院.结果 随访2年内,参与本研究的1 027例患者中有963例(93.8%)坚持接受社区防治服务.受教育程度低、独居的患者相对容易脱落.963例中有174例(18.1%)患者在2年内再次住院.Logistic 回归分析显示与再住院相关的因素为入组时未婚、独居、突出的阳性症状和明显的阴性症状,以及在入组前6个月中治疗药物使用不足.结论 城市居民中94%的精神分裂症患者坚持接受社区防治服务,这一比例相当高.2年内18%的再住院比例要低于其他国家类似服务体系下的数据.独居患者脱落以及再住院的风险高,因此要特别关注这一高危人群.为了明确这一社区防治服务体系的作用,需要全面评估与精神分裂症患者康复相关的各种指标 (包括社会整合功能、生活质量以及再住院),也需要在研究时运用标准化的社区干预方法 、设立对照组,并随访更长时间.“,”Background: China has recently introduced a community-based service network for managing individuals with schizophrenia but there has been relatively little formal evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach.Objective: Assess the retention rate and the two-year re-hospitalization rate of patients who are enrolled in the community management network in Chengdu, China.Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia who had at least one prior hospitalization and who were enrolled in the service network at the community health clinics in 14 communities in the Jinniu District of Chengdu and 10 communities in the Qingyang District of Chengdu participated in the two-year prospective follow-up assessment. Detailed demographic and clinical information was obtained at the time of intake into the follow-up program and their hospitalization status was recorded during monthly evaluations over the subsequent two years. Results: Of the 1 027 participating patients, 963 (93.8%) remained in the program for the entire two-year period. Patients with a lower level of education and those who did not live with family members were more likely to drop-out of the network. Among the 963 patients who completed the follow-up 174 (18.1%) were re-hospitalized over the two-year period. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors related to re-hospitalization: not married or not living with family members, having more prominent positive and negative symptoms at the time of intake, and using medication less in the six months prior to intake.Conclusion: The 94% two-year retention of patients in this urban community management network for individuals with schizophrenia was excellent and the two-year re-hospitalization rate of 18% is better than that reported in most similar programs in other countries. Patients not living with family members were at higher risk for dropping out of the network and for re-hospitalization so this is a high-risk group that deserves special attention. Standardization of the community interventions and longer follow-up studies with control communities that consider the full range of factors relevant to the well-being of patients with schizophrenia (i.e., social integration, quality of life and re-hospitalization) are needed to definitively demonstrate the effectiveness of this community service network.