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肿瘤是机体在多种致瘤因素作用下局部组织细胞内的癌基因与抑癌基因表达失衡,由多基因参与、多阶段演变而形成的多基因疾病。肿瘤对人类的生命安全造成了极大的威胁,随着研究的进行,以RNA干扰(RNAi)为基础的小干扰RNA(si RNA)、微小RNA(mi RNA)和长链非编码RNA(lnc RNA)的肿瘤治疗技术便应运而生。本文就这三类小RNA的特性、对肿瘤可能的调控机制以及潜在的治疗方案和缺陷进行综述。
Tumor is a multi-gene disease caused by the imbalance of the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in many tissues caused by multiple oncogenic factors. Tumor has posed a great threat to human life safety. As the research progresses, RNAi-based siRNAs, miRNAs and long-chain non-coding RNAs (lnc RNA) cancer treatment technology came into being. In this paper, the characteristics of these three types of small RNAs, the potential regulatory mechanisms of the tumor and potential treatment programs and defects are reviewed.