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利用OM和SEM研究了核反应堆驱动机构用12Cr13不锈钢的组织特征,分析了退火态组织中碳化物形貌及其对冲击韧性的影响.实验结果表明,碳化物形貌是决定不锈钢冲击韧性的关键因素.分布在原马氏体晶粒内、尺寸细小、分布均匀的颗粒状碳化物可显著改善12Cr13的冲击性能;而分布在晶界上的块状和条状碳化物,以及铁素体晶粒内随机分布的大颗粒状碳化物,则严重恶化不锈钢的冲击韧性.退火温度对碳化物析出和分布具有较大影响,当退火处理温度由760℃升高到860℃时,碳化物尺寸增大,使得12Cr13不锈钢的冲击功由151J降低到106J;当碳化物完全消失且呈块状或条状分布时,不锈钢冲击功降低至5J.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of 12Cr13 stainless steel used in nuclear reactor drive mechanism were studied by OM and SEM.The influence of carbide morphology and impact toughness was analyzed.The results show that the carbide morphology is the key factor that determines the impact toughness of stainless steel . The distribution of the particles in the original martensite, small size, uniform distribution of granular carbide can significantly improve the impact properties of 12Cr13; and distribution in the grain boundary of the block and strip of carbide, as well as ferrite grains The distribution of large particles of carbide seriously deteriorates the impact toughness of the stainless steel.The annealing temperature has a significant impact on the precipitation and distribution of carbides, and the carbide size increases when the annealing temperature increases from 760 ℃ to 860 ℃, The impact energy of 12Cr13 stainless steel was reduced from 151J to 106J. When the carbides completely disappeared and distributed in block or strip, the impact energy of stainless steel was reduced to 5J.