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目的分析重庆地区儿童流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)的临床特征。方法对2000年1月-2010年12月本院收治的141例流脑患儿的临床资料进行回顾性研究,对其一般资料、临床表现、实验室检查等进行分析,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 141例患儿中,男80例,女61例;主要在冬、春季节发病,共111例(78.7%);临床表现型以普通型为主73例(52.5%),暴发型68例(47.5%);死亡26例(18.4%),人群分布主要以婴幼儿为主18例(65.4%);疫苗接种78例(55.3%);临床表现:发热141例(100.0%)、皮肤瘀斑瘀点135例(95.7%)、上呼吸道症状61例(43.8%)、烦躁59例(41.8%)、腹痛17例(12.1%)、腹泻23例(16.3%)、意识障碍72例(51.1%)、抽搐45例(31.9%)、呕吐114例(80.9%)、头痛86例(61.0%);皮肤瘀点瘀斑涂片、脑脊液培养、血培养和脑脊液涂片阳性率分别为77.9%、6.17%、11.7%和21.4%;分析显示年龄、临床分型、有无昏迷及并发症等可显著影响预后。结论重庆地区儿童流脑呈散发流行;病死率较高,以婴幼儿为主。发病有明显季节性,以冬、春季节为主;暴发型流脑比例较高,疫苗接种率较低,辅助检查以皮肤瘀斑瘀点涂片为佳。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children in Chongqing. Methods The clinical data of 141 children with meningitis treated in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The general data, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and so on were analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software Learn to deal with. Results A total of 111 cases (78.7%) were found in 141 cases of children, including 80 males and 61 females. The main clinical manifestations were general type (73 cases, 52.5%) and fulminant type (47.5%); 26 deaths (18.4%), mainly in infants and young children 18 cases (65.4%); vaccination in 78 cases (55.3%); clinical manifestations: fever in 141 cases (100.0% There were 135 cases of epilepsy (95.7%), 61 (43.8%) cases of upper respiratory symptoms, 59 cases (41.8%) of irritability, 17 cases (12.1%) of abdominal pain, 23 cases (16.3%) of diarrhea and 72 cases (51.1 45 cases (31.9%) of convulsions, 114 cases (80.9%) of vomiting and 86 cases (61.0%) of headache. The positive rate of skin eczema smear, cerebrospinal fluid culture, blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid smear were 77.9% , 6.17%, 11.7% and 21.4% respectively. The analysis showed that age, clinical type, presence or absence of coma and complications could significantly affect the prognosis. Conclusion The prevalence of meningioma in children in Chongqing is high. The mortality rate is high, mainly in infants and toddlers. The incidence of seasonal obvious, with winter, spring-based; fulminant meningitis a higher proportion of vaccination rate is low, auxiliary examination of the skin ecchymosis smear better.