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目的:了解先天性肌性斜颈(Congenital Muscular Torticollis,CMT)住院儿童的流行病学临床特征,为预防儿童CMT提供一定的理论依据。方法:回顾性分析湖南省儿童医院2002年1月~2008年6月收治的525例0~16岁CMT住院儿童资料。结果:525例中男童324例,女童201例;右侧CMT病变306例,左侧219例;保守治疗组和手术治疗组的确诊年龄及从发现到就诊的时间间隔不同;以胎位异常及异常分娩方式发生率高,分别为19.8%、28.2%;13.5%的CMT患儿合并畸形;先天性髋关节发育不良部位多与CMT同侧;面部畸形程度与年龄相关。结论:遗传因素、胎位异常、异常分娩方式可能是儿童CMT的危险因素。加强孕产期保健有助于降低CMT的发病率。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of CMT in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 525 children aged 0-16 years with CMT admitted to Hunan Children’s Hospital from January 2002 to June 2008 was performed. Results: There were 324 boys and 201 girls in 525 cases, 306 cases of right CMT lesions and 219 left ones. The diagnosis of conservative treatment group and surgical treatment group were different in the age and the time from discovery to treatment. The incidence of abnormal delivery was high, accounting for 19.8% and 28.2% respectively; 13.5% of children with CMT had deformity; congenital hip dysplasia was mostly the same as CMT; and the degree of facial deformity was related to age. Conclusion: Genetic factors, abnormal fetal position and abnormal delivery mode may be risk factors for CMT in children. Strengthening maternal health helps to reduce the incidence of CMT.