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英国哲学家波兰尼首次在认识论领域提出“默会认识”这一概念。波兰尼的“默会认识”,实质上就是认识主体对认识对象身心合一的整体理解。波兰尼认为,默会认识是人类获得和持有知识的终极能力,在认识的过程中起着决定性的作用。在对认识主体的地位和作用的重视上,其思想表现出与马克思主义认识论的某种契合关系。这种契合关系是我们吸收和借鉴波兰尼默会认识思想的基础,并为当代中国马克思主义认识论的发展提供了有益启示。
For the first time, British philosopher Polanyi put forward the concept of “tacit knowledge” in the field of epistemology. Polanyi’s “tacit understanding” is essentially the overall understanding of the subject’s understanding of the body and mind. Polanyi believes that tacit understanding is the ultimate ability of human beings to acquire and hold knowledge and play a decisive role in the process of cognition. In focusing on the status and role of the subject of cognition, his thinking shows some connection with Marxist epistemology. This kind of connection is the basis for us to absorb and learn from Polish Nimmer’s understanding of ideas and provide useful inspiration for the development of Marxist epistemology in contemporary China.