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目的探讨氰化物接触人群职业性接触性皮炎的发病特点和影响因素,为皮炎诊治和预防提供科学依据。方法采用随机分层整群抽样的方法,选择某石油化工企业接触氰化物的工人429人为调查对象,以问卷与医学检查相结合的形式,对调查对象进行横断面流行病学调查。内容包括一般情况、职业接触史、防护措施、发病情况及诊治经过等。结果氰化物接触人群职业性接触性皮炎患病率为30.8%,明显高于非氰化物接触人群皮炎患病率(χ2=6.46,P<0.05)。发病部位以暴露部位或直接接触氰化物部位为主。致病原以两种或两种以上氰化物混合物为主。车间氰化物浓度高、工作时间长以及手工操作的工种患病率较高。发病以7—9月份炎热夏季为主。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、工种、手套防护对氰化物职业性接触性皮炎发病的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);非条件logistic回归分析显示,佩戴手套是氰化物职业性接触性皮炎发病的保护性因素。结论降低工作场所温度、采取有效的卫生防护措施和加强职业卫生知识培训,是预防职业性接触性皮炎发生的有效措施。
Objective To explore the characteristics and influential factors of occupational contact dermatitis in cyanide exposure population and provide a scientific basis for diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis. Methods A random stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 429 workers who came into contact with cyanide in a petrochemical enterprise as the investigation object. The cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was conducted on the subjects in the form of a combination of questionnaires and medical examinations. Including the general situation, history of occupational exposure, protective measures, the incidence and diagnosis and treatment after. Results The prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis was 30.8% in cyanide exposed groups, which was significantly higher than that in non-cyanide exposed groups (χ2 = 6.46, P <0.05). The site of exposure to exposed parts or direct contact with cyanide-based parts. Pathogenic to two or more cyanide mixture based. High concentration of cyanide in the workshop, long working hours and higher incidence of manual types of work. The incidence of hot summer in July-September mainly. Univariate analysis showed that age, type of work and gloves protection had a significant effect on the incidence of cyanide occupational contact dermatitis (P <0.05). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that wearing gloves was a cyanide occupational contact dermatitis The protective factors of the disease. Conclusion Reducing workplace temperature, adopting effective health protection measures and strengthening occupational health knowledge training are effective measures to prevent occupational contact dermatitis.