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为探索生物可降解地膜在河西干旱灌区的增温保水和增产效应,于2014年3-10月在甘肃省黄羊镇甘肃农业大学试验站进行田间试验,研究不同覆盖材料(普通地膜、生物可降解地膜、秸秆和无覆盖)对玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。试验结果表明,普通地膜覆盖和生物可降解地膜覆盖表层土壤温度较无覆盖分别提高1.2℃和0.9℃,秸秆覆盖较无覆盖降低0.4℃;玉米生育期土壤贮水量由高到低依次为普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖;与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖玉米净光合速率分别提高32.68%、28.04%和9.33%,玉米籽粒产量分别提高14.84%、13.70%和8.35%,WUE分别提高25.52%、22.26%和13.75%。综上所述,从增温保水、增产和环保方面长远考虑,生物可降解地膜环保无污染,有利于环境和农业生态系统可持续发展,适合在该地区推广应用。
In order to explore the effects of warming, conserving water and increasing yield of biodegradable plastic film in arid irrigated area of Hexi, from March to October 2014, field experiments were conducted at Gansu Agricultural University Experimental Station, Huangyang Town, Gansu Province to study the effects of different covering materials Effect of Degradation of Plastic Film, Straw and No Cover on Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The results showed that the soil temperature of topsoil covered by common plastic film and biodegradable plastic film increased by 1.2 ℃ and 0.9 ℃, respectively, and the straw mulching decreased 0.4 ℃ compared with non-mulching film. Compared with no cover, the net photosynthetic rate of common plastic film mulching, biodegradable mulching and straw mulching increased by 32.68%, 28.04% and 9.33%, respectively. The grain yield of maize Increased by 14.84%, 13.70% and 8.35% respectively, and WUE increased by 25.52%, 22.26% and 13.75% respectively. In summary, from the long-term warming, water conservation and environmental protection, long-term consideration, biodegradable green film pollution-free, is conducive to the sustainable development of the environment and agricultural ecosystems, suitable for promotion and application in the region.