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刑罚无疑具有预防犯罪的价值,这种价值体现在犯罪人作案前对刑罚风险的主观估计,而犯罪人自身对刑罚认知上的偏差,会影响刑罚预防价值的发挥。传统上,青少年犯罪常被认为是一种“不计后果”的犯罪,其实犯罪青少年对刑罚风险的感知、判断并不弱于其他犯罪人,刑罚对青少年犯罪仍有重要的预防作用,只不过其作用的大小因犯罪青少年的年龄、性别、文化程度等有所差异。另外,一些相关因素,也造成了刑罚对部分犯罪青少年预防作用的“缺失”。
Penalty undoubtedly has the value of crime prevention. This value is reflected in the subjective estimate of the risk of the criminal before committing the crime. However, the perpetrator’s own cognitive bias on penalty may affect the value of penalty prevention. Traditionally, juvenile delinquency is often considered as a “reckless” crime. In fact, juvenile delinquents’ perceptions and judgments about the risk of punishment are not weaker than those of other criminals. Sentence penalties still play an important preventive role in juvenile delinquency. Only However, the size of its role varies according to the age, sex and educational level of the criminal youth. In addition, some related factors also contributed to the “missing” of the penalty on the prevention of juvenile delinquency.