Objectives To investigate the changes of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) mRNA expression in the rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), and to explore the effect of β blockers (βBs) on β3 mRNA expression. Methods Thirty-four rats were randomly divided into Sham group (n = 10) and heart failure group (n = 24). Rat model was established by aortic constriction. The survival rats in heart failure group were divided into heart failure control group (HF group, n = 6), metoprolol group (MET group, n = 8) and carvedilol group (CAR group, n = 8) three months after operation. Metoprolol tartarte was started orally with 12 mg·kg-1·d-1, carvedilol with 6 mg·kg-1·d-1, isometric saline was started in HF group. After three months of drug therapy, measurement of hemodynamics, index of ventricular mass, the level of β3-AR mRNA expression were performed. Results Compared with Sham group, left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), and the absolute values of maximal rate of rise and fall ( ± dp/dtmax) of left ventricular pressure were all significantly decreased (P < 0.01), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly increased in HF group (P < 0.01). The hemodynamic parameters were improved by βBs, and carvedilol was more effective than metoprolol (P < 0.01). The index of ventricular mass was higher in HF group than MET group, CAR group and Sham group (P < 0.01). βBs significantly decreased the index of left ventricular mass (LVMI), and Carvedilol was more effective than metoprolol (P < 0.01). The index of right ventricular mass (RVMI) did not change in MET group (P > 0.05), but significant decrease could be seen in CAR group (P < 0.01). The level of β3-AR expression in left ventricle was greater than that in right ventricle whether in the failing heart or in the non-failing heart. Compared with Sham group, the level of β3-AR mRNA expression was significantly increased in HF group (P < 0.01). The levels of β3-AR mRNA expression showed a remarkable decrease in CAR group(P < 0.01), but was not seen in MET group. Conclusions The β3-AR expression level remarkably increases in the rat’s left and right failing ventricles. Carvedilol is more effective on improving hemodynamics and attenuating ventricular remodeling than metoprolol in the rats with CHF. Carvedilol rather than metoprolol downregulates β3-AR expression in the rat’s failing ventricles. The beneficial effect of carvedilol in CHF maybe partly due to the downregulation of β3-AR expression in the failing heart. Objectives To investigate the changes of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) mRNA expression in the rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), and to explore the effect of β blockers (βBs) on β3 mRNA expression. The survival rats in heart failure group were divided into heart failure control group (HF group, n = 6), metoprolol group (MET group, n = 8) and carvedilol group (CAR group, n = 8) for three months after operation. Metoprolol tartarte was started orally with 12 mg · kg -1 · d -1 carvedilol with 6 mg · kg -1 After three months of drug therapy, measurement of hemodynamics, index of ventricular mass, the level of β3-AR mRNA expression were performed. Results Compared with Sham group, left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), and the absolute values ​​of maximal rate of rise and fall (± dp / dtm The left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly increased in HF group (P <0.01). The hemodynamic parameters were improved by βBs, and carvedilol was more effective than metoprolol (P <0.01). The index of ventricular mass was higher in HF group than MET group, CAR group and Sham group (P <0.01) .βBs significantly decreased the index of left ventricular mass (LVMI), and Carvedilol was more effective (P <0.01). The index of right ventricular mass (RVMI) did not change in MET group (P> 0.05), but significant decrease could be seen in CAR group expression in left ventricle was greater than that in right ventricle was in the failing heart or in the non-failing heart. Compared with Sham group, the level of β3-AR mRNA expression was significantly increased in HF group (P <0.01). The levels of β3-AR mRNA expression showed a remarkable decr ease in CAR grouConclusions The β3-AR expression level remarkably increases in the rat’s left and right failing ventricles. Carvedilol is more effective on improving hemodynamics and attenuating ventricular remodeling than metoprolol in the rats with CHF. Carvedilol rather than metoprolol downregulates β3-AR expression in the rat’s failing ventricles. The beneficial effect of carvedilol in CHF may partly due to the downregulation of β3-AR expression in the failing heart.