肛管癌是一种少见的肠道恶性肿瘤,约占直肠、肛管恶性肿瘤的1%～4%,其中85%为肛管鳞状细胞癌。本病女性多发,约为男性的2～5倍。其病因不明,可能与乳头状瘤病毒感染有关。虽然直肠与肛管解剖部位邻近,但肿瘤的生物学行为却大不相同。肛管鳞癌早期易广泛浸润周围组织及区域淋巴结,因此预后较 Anal canal cancer is a rare malignant tumor of the intestine, accounting for about 1% to 4% of malignant tumors of the rectum and anal canal, 85% of which are anal squamous cell carcinoma. The disease is more frequent in women, about 2 to 5 times that of men. The cause is unknown and may be related to papilloma virus infection. Although the anatomy of the rectum is close to the anal canal, the biological behavior of the tumor is quite different. In the early stage of anal squamous cell carcinoma, extensive infiltration of surrounding tissues and regional lymph nodes is easy, so the prognosis is relatively