虽然人类的艺术和文化拥有同样悠远的历史,但是直到19世纪末,艺术学才逐渐具备成为一门现代意义上的正式学科的可能性。长期以来,艺术一直被认为与美学拥有同一个母体,或者说艺术根本就存活于美学的母体之中。但批判现实主义的出现为艺术获得独立地位的价值提供了契机,各种将艺 Although human art and culture share the same distant history, it was not until the end of the 19th century that art studies gradually became a formal subject in the modern sense. For a long time, art had always been regarded as having the same motherhood as aesthetics or that art simply survived the aesthetics of the mother. However, the emergence of critical realism provides an opportunity for art to gain its own independent status.