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乌托邦一词产生以来,不同政治倾向的人利用它的词义二重性,分别采取了赞赏和反对的态度,从而形成了不同历史时期的乌托邦、反乌托邦、后乌托邦等思想潮流。马克思主义创始人既批判了乌托邦的空想主义,又继承了它的理想主义。因此,新实践美学应该批判继承乌托邦的批判和创新精神。美学和文艺的本质就是意识形态的创造,柏拉图和亚里士多德的《理想国》和《诗学》《政治学》都从美学和文艺方面开启了乌托邦的批判和创新精神,席勒的“审美王国”最为完善地以乌托邦精神描绘了审美教育的美好理想王国——人性完整的人类自由王国。马克思主义实践美学,以革命和创新的实践观点创建了共产主义审美王国和艺术世界,为培养自由全面发展的人,建立自由人联合体而努力奋斗。新实践美学应该在当今中国特色社会主义建设实践中,发扬乌托邦精神,批判旧世界,建设新世界,以融合真善美的审美教育培育社会主义新人,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而贡献力量。
Since the emergence of the word utopia, people of different political orientations have used their semantic dualism to adopt appreciation and opposition attitudes respectively, thus forming the ideological trends of utopia, dystopia and post-utopia in different historical periods. The founder of Marxism both criticized Utopia’s Utopianism and inherited its idealism. Therefore, the new practical aesthetics should criticize the utopian criticism and innovative spirit. The essence of aesthetics and literature and art is the creation of ideology. Plato and Aristotle’s “ideal states” and “poetics” and “political sciences” all open up the utopian critique and innovation from aesthetics and literature and art. Schiller’s “Aesthetic Kingdom ” the most perfect utopian spirit portrayed the beautiful ideal of aesthetic education kingdom - humanity complete human freedom kingdom. Marxist practice aesthetics, created the communist aesthetic kingdom and art world with the revolutionary and innovative practice point of view, and worked hard to foster free and all-round development of people and establish a free people’s consortium. In the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics today, the new practical aesthetics should carry forward the utopian spirit, criticize the old world and build a new world, cultivate new socialist people with the aesthetic education of truth, kindness and beauty, and contribute to realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.