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目的分析流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的临床表现与临床流行病学规律,明确该病有效预防措施。方法2003年5月至2007年12月治的112例乙脑的临床资料,观察其临床流行病学特点及临床特征。结果本组112例患者均为儿童,男63例,女49例,年龄4岁～12岁,平均年龄为4.65±0.75岁,其中89(79.46%)例为爆发流行病例,23(20.53%)例为散发流行病例,103(91.96%)例没有乙脑疫苗接种史。以急性起病,高热,头痛、多数患者有意识障碍(96例,85.71%)及癫痫发作(61例,54.46%),发病第二周血清或脑脊液乙脑IgM阳性。本组患者81(72.32%)例临床治愈,18(16.07%)例住院期间死亡。结论本病的临床特征主要为儿童罹患,发热、头痛为常见的临床表现,发病第二周血清或脑脊液乙脑IgM阳性,重症患者死亡率高,而夏秋季发病为其主要临床流行病学特点。乙脑疫苗注射仍是目前主要行之有效的预防措施。
Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and clinical epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and to find out the effective preventive measures. Methods The clinical data of 112 cases of JE treated from May 2003 to December 2007 were analyzed. The clinical epidemiological characteristics and clinical features were observed. Results All 112 patients were children, 63 males and 49 females, ranging in age from 4 to 12 years with a mean age of 4.65 ± 0.75 years, of whom 89 (79.46%) were outbreaks, 23 (20.53%) were outbreaks, For the distribution of epidemic cases, 103 (91.96%) cases did not have a history of JE vaccination. Acute onset, fever, headache, most patients with disturbance of consciousness (96 cases, 85.71%) and seizures (61 cases, 54.46%), the second week of onset of serum or cerebrospinal fluid IgE positive. The group of patients 81 (72.32%) were clinically cured, 18 (16.07%) died during hospitalization. Conclusion The main clinical features of this disease are children with fever, headache is a common clinical manifestations, the second week of serum or cerebrospinal fluid encephalitis IgM positive, severe cases of high mortality, and the incidence of summer and autumn is its main clinical epidemiological characteristics . JE vaccine injection is still the main effective preventive measures.