任何共时系统都是历时音变在某个特定时期横断面,通过对共时系统中的结构空缺或者不平衡,可以反过来推测出这个系统曾经的格局。语音实验分析能在音位分析的基础上,进一步提供更细微语音细节,也就能补充单纯音位系统比较无法体现的语音短时段音变。本研究试图通过对今天苏州话元音系统的声学研究,来推测一百年前苏州话的元音系统格局,发现虽然单纯从音系结构来看,苏州话这一百年来变化不大,但实际音值已经发生了很大的变化。因此,要研究语音的演变,不光需要关注音位系统,同时也要关注语音的实际性质。 Any synchronic system is a diagonal of a given period of time, and the structure of the system can be inferred by the vacancy or imbalance in the synchronic system. Based on the analysis of the phoneme, the voice experiment analysis further provides more subtle voice details, and can also supplement the short-term voice changes that the pure phoneme system can not express. This study tries to infer the vowel system pattern of Suzhou dialect 100 years ago through the acoustical study of the vowel system of Suzhou today and finds that although the dialect of Suzhou has not changed much in the past 100 years simply from the phonological structure, But the actual sound value has undergone great changes. Therefore, to study the evolution of speech, not only need to pay attention to the phonemic system, but also pay attention to the actual nature of speech.