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目的了解毕节市燃煤污染型区域8-12岁学生氟斑牙现状。方法按整群随机抽样的原则,在毕节市七星关区抽取海子街、小吉场、撒拉溪3个乡镇的中心小学8~12岁学生805名为调查对象,按照氟斑牙诊断标准(WS/T 208-2011)判定氟斑牙情况;采用离子选择电极法检测尿氟含量,采用(WS/T256-2005)诊断标准评价尿氟结果。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行x~2或确切概率法检验,P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果氟斑牙检出率为84.35%(679/805),检出率从高到低依次为轻度、极轻度、中度、重度、正常、可疑。男性氟斑牙检出率为85.48%(371/434),女性为83.02%(308/371),x~2=0.921、P=0.337。不同年龄段各程度氟斑牙检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。小吉场镇氟斑牙发病率为87.55%,撒拉溪镇为83.88%,海子街镇为81.14%。不同乡镇儿童重度氟斑牙发病率差异有统计学意义(x~2=18.137、P=0.016)。海子街镇儿童尿氟含量超标率为24.00%、小吉场镇为26.00%、撒拉溪镇为32.00%,3镇比较差异无统计学意义(x~2=0.873、P=0.646)。结论七星关区氟斑牙检出率较高,相关部门应针对不同年龄、区域的儿童采取相应的防制工作。
Objective To understand the current status of dental fluorosis in 8-12 year-old students in coal-fueled areas in Bijie City. Methods According to the principle of cluster random sampling, 805 students from 8 to 12 years old in Central Primary School, Haizi Street, Xiaoyijian and Salasi River were collected from Qixingguan District of Bijie City. According to the diagnostic criteria of dental fluorosis (WS / T 208-2011) to determine the situation of dental fluorosis. Urinary fluoride content was detected by ion-selective electrode method and urinary fluoride results were evaluated by diagnostic criteria (WS / T256-2005). Using SPSS 18.0 statistical software on the data x ~ 2 or exact probabilistic test, P ≤ 0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 84.35% (679/805). The detection rates were mild, very mild, moderate, severe, normal and suspicious. The detection rates of dental fluorosis in male were 85.48% (371/434), 83.02% (308/371) in female, x ~ 2 = 0.921, P = 0.337. There were significant differences in the detection rates of dental fluorosis between different ages (P <0.05 or <0.01). The incidence of dental fluorosis in Xiaoji Town is 87.55%, 83.88% in Saraxi Town and 81.14% in Haizi Jie Town. The incidence of severe dental fluorosis among children in different townships was significantly different (x ~ 2 = 18.137, P = 0.016). Urinary fluoride content in children in Haizi Street exceeded the rate of 24.00%, Xiaoji Town was 26.00% and Sarah Town was 32.00%. There was no significant difference among the three towns (x ~ 2 = 0.873, P = 0.646). Conclusion The detection rate of dental fluorosis in Qixingguan District is high, and relevant departments should take appropriate prevention and control measures for children of different ages and regions.