Aeolian dust particles arising from arid and semiarid zones are known to carry microbes by air currents.The effect of wind-be bacteria on atmospheric bacterial population at various downwind distances from the dust source regions must be clarified,but has not yet been reported.This study monitored the bacterial abundance and community composition in outdoor aerosol samples in Beijing,China,which is close to the Asian dust source regions,and compared them with the results obtained in a distant region (Osaka,Japan).The Asian dust collected in Beijing contained (4 ± 3) × 104 bacterial cells/m3,approximately 4 times higher than in Osaka.On 15 April 2015,Beijing experienced severe Asian dust events with a 1000-fold increase in bacterial abundance,relative to non-Asian dust days.Dominant bacterial phyla and classes in Asian dust collected in Beijing were Actinobacteria,Bacilli and Acidobacteria,and the bacterial community composition varied more widely than in Osaka.The bacterial community compositions differed between the Beijing and Osaka dusts,even for the same Asian dust events.These results indicated that aerosol bacterial communities nearer the dust source are more affected by eolian dust than their distant counterparts.