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目的了解重庆市0~3岁婴幼儿监护人计划免疫知识、态度和行为(KAP)现状及其影响因素,为计划免疫工作的顺利开展提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样法从重庆市5个主城区的预防接种机构选取并调查了801名婴幼儿监护人。采用Epi Data 3.1软件录入数据,SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。结果婴幼儿监护人计划免疫KAP得分分别为(6.54±2.83)分、(3.73±0.56)分和(8.52±1.47)分。计划免疫知识总知晓率为1.12%,超过90%的婴幼儿监护人态度积极、行为得分及格。影响计划免疫KAP的主要因素包括监护人的性别、类别、文化程度、居住地和流动情况等。结论婴幼儿家长对计划免疫的态度和行动较积极,但对计划免疫知识的认知不足,有待改善。在今后的工作中应把握医务人员这一途径加大对监护人的健康教育。
Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAP) of childhood immunization among 0-3 year old infants in Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for the smooth development of planned immunization. Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to select and investigate 801 infant and child guardians from vaccination agencies in 5 main urban areas in Chongqing. Using Epi Data 3.1 software input data, SPSS 18.0 software for statistical analysis. Results The KAP scores of guardianship immunization in infants and young children were (6.54 ± 2.83) points, (3.73 ± 0.56) points and (8.52 ± 1.47) points respectively. The total awareness rate of planned immunization was 1.12%. More than 90% of infants and guardians had positive attitude and passed the behavioral score. The main factors that affect the planned immunization KAP include the guardian’s gender, type, educational level, place of residence and mobility. Conclusion The parents and parents of infants and young children are more active in the attitude and actions of planned immunization. However, the cognitive deficiencies of planned immune knowledge need to be improved. In the future work should grasp the medical staff this way to increase the guardian’s health education.