认知主义(cognitivisim)曾一度成为20世纪50年代起统治着心理学、语言学、哲学、计算机科学等学科的核心范式。70年代后期,认知科学的兴起、发展和演变,尤其是人工智能(以下简称AI)在发展中遇到的挑战,促使研究者开始反思认知主义范式是否需要被取代。在所有替代性方案中,具身认 Cognitivisim was once the core paradigm of psychology, linguistics, philosophy, computer science and other disciplines since the 1950s. In the late 1970s, the rise, development and evolution of cognitive science, especially the challenges encountered in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), prompted researchers to reflect on whether or not the Cognitive Paradigm needs to be replaced. In all alternative scenarios, with identity