十九世纪末二十世纪初,欧洲工人运动进入了一个新的阶段,无产阶级从积聚力量、准备革命的时期转到向资本主义进行直接冲击的时期。当时除了俄国以外,德国是帝国主义矛盾最集中的国家,也是无产阶级战斗力最强的国家。但是,随着阶级矛盾和阶级斗争的尖锐化,德国社会民主党却由一个革命的政党蜕变为改良主义的政党。这种蜕变的标志是以伯恩斯坦为首的右倾机会主义者在党内公然提出对马克思主义的“全面修正”。从此,德国社会民主党的分裂开始 From the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, the European workers’ movement entered a new phase in which the proletariat shifted from accumulating forces and preparing for revolution to directly infringing on capitalism. At that time, except Russia, Germany was the country where the contradictions of imperialism were the most concentrated. It was also the country with the strongest proletarian fighting power. However, with the intensification of class contradictions and class struggles, the German Social Democrats have been transformed from a revolutionary party into a reformist political party. This transformation is marked by the right-wing opportunists led by Bernstein openly submitting a “comprehensive revision” of Marxism in the party. Since then, the split of German Social-Democracy began