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目的探讨初中生社会支持与父母教养方式的相关性。方法采用系统分层抽样问卷调查设计。对玉溪市4所中学初一至初三年级的学生进行系统分层抽样,采用父母教养方式评价量表和社会支持评定量表对1115名初中学生进行问卷调查,之后对收集的数据进行μ检验和Pearson相关分析。结果父母教养方式评价量表中,父亲的惩罚严厉、过分干涉和拒绝、否认因子存在性别差异(μ=4.047,2.338,2.301;P<0.05);社会支持评定量表中,主观支持和对社会支持的利用度存在性别差异(μ=2.544,4.087;P<0.05)。在相关分析中,社会支持各因子与父母情感温暖与理解呈正相关(r=0.3996,0.2743,0.3062,0.3770,0.2548,0.2775;P<0.05),与父母惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认呈负相关(r=-0.1927,-0.1092,-0.1878,-0.1821,-0.0871,-0.1513,-0.2280,-0.0853,-0.1907,-0.2151,-0.0633,-0.1574;P<0.05)。结论初中生对社会支持的利用会显著促进个体的心理承受和负荷能力,增加处理危机和冲突的水平,同时父母的教养方式对子女的社会支持有着非常重要的影响。
Objective To explore the correlation between junior high school students’ social support and parental rearing patterns. Methods The systematic stratified sampling questionnaire design was used. A systematic stratified sampling of students from the first grade to the third grade of four middle schools in Yuxi City was carried out. 1115 middle school students were surveyed by questionnaire using the parental rearing style evaluation scale and social support rating scale. Then, Pearson correlation analysis. Results In the parental rearing style evaluation scale, the father severely punished, interfered and rejected too much, denying the existence of gender differences (μ = 4.047, 2.338, 2.301; P <0.05). In the social support rating scale, There was a gender difference in the availability of support (μ = 2.544, 4.087; P <0.05). In the correlation analysis, the factors of social support were positively correlated with the emotional warmth and understanding of parents (r = 0.3996,0.2743,0.3062,0.3770,0.2548,0.2775; P <0.05), negatively correlated with the punishment of parents, harshness and refusal r = -0.1927, -0.1092, -0.1878, -0.1821, -0.0871, -0.1513, -0.2280, -0.0853, -0.1907, -0.2151, -0.0633, -0.1574; P <0.05). Conclusion The use of social support by junior high school students can significantly promote the psychological endurance and load capacity of individuals, increase the level of handling crises and conflicts, and parental rearing patterns have a very important influence on children’s social support.