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通过磷的吸附—解吸试验,大豆盆栽和大田试验,研究了在石灰性土壤上施用风化煤、泥炭、膨润土对土壤中不同形态无机磷的影响和生物效应。试验结果表明:施用风化煤、泥炭对磷的活化作用比较明显,而膨润土的效果相对较弱;在与磷肥配合中也是风化煤、泥炭的效果最好,膨润土的效果略差。在单施风化煤、泥炭的处理中,土壤中对植物有效性较高的Ca2-P等都有增加,而植物难利用的Ca10-P则降低了,施泥炭的土壤中有效磷增量比较明显;施磷处理中,泥炭加磷肥比其他处理高,而风化煤、膨润土的效应比泥炭略差。就各指标进行综合评价,3种材料活化磷的效果依次是:风化煤>泥炭>膨润土。
The effects of applying weathered coal, peat and bentonite on different forms of inorganic phosphorus in soils and their biological effects were studied by phosphorus adsorption-desorption experiments, soybean pots and field experiments. The results show that the activation of phosphorus is obvious with the application of weathered coal and peat, but the effect of bentonite is relatively weaker. Weathering coal and peat also play the best role in the combination with phosphate fertilizer, and the effect of bentonite is slightly worse. In the application of weathered coal and peat, Ca2-P and so on, which are more effective in plants, increased in the soil, while Ca10-P, which was hard to be used in plants, decreased, and the increment of available phosphorus in the soil Obviously, in the phosphorus application, the peat and phosphate fertilizer were higher than other treatments, while the effect of weathered coal and bentonite was slightly worse than that of peat. Comprehensive evaluation of the indicators, three kinds of material activated phosphorus followed by the effect is: weathered coal> peat> bentonite.