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本文将有关中国转轨过程的解释分为两大类 :“资源有效配置论”和“制度安排论”。文章对这些研究进行了批判性评述。并指出 ,这些解释并不完全令人满意。基于这些讨论 ,本文的解释性框架力图内生中国转轨中的一些重要现象 ,包括中国的财政分权。特别强调改革中重工业的技术特征 ,即规模经济以及与下游产业的产业间联系不应该在讨论中被忽略。中国改革成功的关键在于解除管制 ,并通过体制外的增量改革来提高效率。同时又由于新兴的最终产品生产部门需要中间产品部门为其提供中间投入和技术装备 ,所以不仅避免了对存量的冲击 ,甚至提高了上游国有部门的产出、就业乃至于技术效率 ,从而使经济在提高效率的同时 ,实现了平稳过渡。
This paper divides the interpretations about China’s transitional process into two categories: “resource allocation theory” and “institutional arrangement theory.” The article critically reviews these studies. And pointed out that these explanations are not entirely satisfactory. Based on these discussions, the explanatory framework of this paper tries to highlight some important phenomena endogenous to China’s transition, including China’s fiscal decentralization. Special emphasis is placed on the technical characteristics of the reform of medium and heavy industries, namely, economies of scale and inter-industry links with downstream industries should not be ignored in the discussion. The key to the success of China’s reform lies in the deregulation and the enhancement of efficiency through incremental reform outside the system. At the same time, because the emerging end-product manufacturing sector needs the intermediate product department to provide intermediate inputs and technical equipment, it not only avoids the impact on the stock and even increases the output, employment and even technical efficiency of the upstream state-owned sector, so that the economy While improving efficiency, a smooth transition has been achieved.