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采用表面机械研磨技术在低碳钢上制备出纳米结构表层，利用Ｘ射线衍射和电子显微分析研究表层的结构特征，并对硬度沿厚度方向的变化进行分析． 结果表明：经过表面机械研磨处理后，样品表层的晶粒可细化至纳米量级． 表面纳米晶层的厚度约为 ４０ μｍ，平均晶粒尺寸由 １０ ｎｍ逐渐增加到 １００ ｎｍ；在距表面约 ４０—８０ μｍ的深度为亚微晶层，平均晶粒尺寸进一步增至 １０００ ｎｍ．与样品的心部相比，表层的硬度显著提高。
Surface mechanical polishing technology was used to prepare nanostructured surface layer on low carbon steel. The structural characteristics of surface layer were studied by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, and the variation of hardness along the thickness direction was analyzed. The results show that the grain size of the sample surface can be refined to nanometer scale after surface mechanical polishing. The thickness of the surface nanocrystalline layer is about 40 μm, the average grain size gradually increases from 10 nm to 100 nm, and the submicron layer at a depth of about 40-80 μm from the surface further increases the average grain size to 1000 nm. The hardness of the surface layer is significantly increased as compared with the center of the sample.