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一、西安地裂缝形成的机理及特征西安地裂缝是一个由地面沉降所引起,受地质构造控制的环境工程地质问题。西安地面沉降之所以在西安、四郊一带大面积产生,是由于此地段地下承压水(主要指浅层承压水)过量开采,使其水位逐年下降形成了一定水头差。当承压含水层与相邻的粘性土层间的水头差大到足以克服水与颗粒之间结合力时,结合水从粘性土层中排出。粘性土颗粒在释水过程中接触面积增大,颗粒间产生相对位移以及结构孔隙的破坏,使粘性
I. Mechanism and Characteristics of Xi’an Ground Fissure Formation Xi’an ground fissure is an environmental engineering geological problem caused by ground subsidence and controlled by geological structure. The reason why land subsidence occurred in Xi’an and the suburbs in large areas was due to the excessive exploitation of underground confined water (mainly shallow confined water) in this section, which caused the water level to decline year by year to form a certain water head difference. When the head difference between the confined aquifer and the adjacent cohesive soil layer is large enough to overcome the binding force between the water and the particles, the combined water is discharged from the clay layer. The contact area of cohesive soil particles increases during water release process, resulting in relative displacement between particles and destruction of structural pores, making them viscous.