目的　探讨术后早期纤维支气管镜介入治疗在预防术后肺不张中的作用。方法　实验组20例患者术后早期插入纤维支气管镜对分泌物、痰栓或血凝块进行抽吸,必要时分次用生理盐水灌洗或活检钳钳夹。对照组25例采用鼻导管吸引分泌物。观察两组患者治疗前和治疗后2周内的X线胸片和临床表现。结果　实验组17例临床表现改善,X线胸片示无一例肺不张; 2例恶化,X线胸片示肺不张;死亡1例。对照组4例临床表现改善、X线胸片炎性阴影完全或部分吸收; 21例恶化,临床表现和X线胸片证实一侧或叶段肺不张。结论　对于术后气道分泌物增多潴留者,早期纤维支气管镜介入治疗可预防术后肺不张。 Objective To explore the role of early postoperative bronchoscopic interventional therapy in preventing postoperative atelectasis. Methods Twenty patients in the experimental group were aspirated secretions, sputum suppositories or blood clots by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the early postoperative period. When necessary, they were infused with physiological saline or biopsy forceps. Control group, 25 cases of nasal catheter to attract secretions. X-ray and clinical manifestations of the two groups before and after 2 weeks of treatment were observed. Results In the experimental group, the clinical manifestations of 17 cases were improved. There was no case of atelectasis on the X-ray; 2 cases of deterioration, X-ray showed atelectasis; 1 case of death. Control group, 4 cases of clinical manifestations improved, X-ray chest shadow completely or partially absorbed; 21 cases of deterioration, clinical manifestations and X-ray confirmed the side or leaf atelectasis. Conclusion For postoperative airway secretions increase retention, early bronchoscopic interventional treatment can prevent postoperative atelectasis.