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目的探讨台州市三门县妇幼保健所婚前医学检查用于新生儿出生缺陷预防临床效果。方法选取台州市三门县妇幼保健所2010年1月-2013年12月参加过婚前医学检查孕妇4 000例,设为观察组,以同期未参加过婚前医学检查孕妇4 000例,设为对照组;比较两组新生儿总出生缺陷发生率和不同类型出生缺陷百分比构成等。结果观察组新生儿总出生缺陷发生率为2.88%显著低于对照组的0.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=47.74,P<0.05);观察组新生儿神经系统出生缺陷百分比构成显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.65,P<0.05)。结论婚前医学检查可有效降低新生儿出生缺陷发生风险,特别是对于神经系统缺陷检出效果最佳。
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of premarital medical examination in Sanmen County Maternity and Child Health Center in Taizhou for the prevention of neonatal birth defects. Methods A total of 4 000 pregnant women who participated in pre-marital medical examinations from January 2010 to December 2013 in Sanmen County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Taizhou City were enrolled as observation group, 4 000 pregnant women who did not participate in premarital medical examination during the same period were selected as control group The incidence of total birth defects and the percentage of birth defects in two groups were compared. Results The incidence of neonatal total birth defects in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.88% vs 0.8%, χ ~ 2 = 47.74, P <0.05). The percentage of neonatal birth defects in the observation group was significantly Higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 4.65, P <0.05). Conclusion Premarital medical examination can effectively reduce the risk of neonatal birth defects, especially for the detection of neurological defects the best.