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目的描述3岁以内幼儿气管、支气管异物的流行病学特点,探索呼吸道异物的预防措施。方法分析徐州医学院附属医院2011年5月-2013年4月间405例3岁以内患儿气管、支气管异物临床特点,制定调查问卷,对患者监护人或家长进行调查,调查内容包括居住地、年龄、性别、性格、异物种类、诱因、看护人文化层次及健康教育水平等,并对调查结果进行描述性统计分析。结果 405例患儿中,366例患儿来自农村(90.4%),39例来自城市(9.6%);男女之比为2.3:1;年龄5~36月,中位数为16月;异物吸入时间1 h~1年,中位数2 d;发病高峰在10月至次年2月(283例,70.0%);异物种类均为食物性异物,其中植物性异物398例,以花生最多(215例,53.1%)。有明确诱因者占94.1%,以玩耍、哭闹、嬉笑、摔倒时误吸多见,73.6%的患儿性格外向活泼好动。实际看护人中祖父母占63.3%,实际看护人文化程度中学以下为97.5%、文盲占56.8%。84.2%的看护人从未听说过呼吸道异物预防知识。结论呼吸道异物的发生有地域差异、性别差异、季节差异,看护人具有较低的文化层次,加强对家长的健康教育可能会降低呼吸道异物的发生率。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in children under 3 years of age and explore the preventive measures of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract. Methods The clinical features of 405 cases of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in children aged less than 3 years between May 2011 and April 2013 in Xuzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital were analyzed. Questionnaires were drawn and the patients’ guardians or parents were investigated. The investigation included the age, Gender, personality, type of foreign body, inducement, cultural level of caregiver, level of health education, etc., and descriptive statistical analysis of the survey results. Results Among the 405 children, 366 were from rural areas (90.4%) and 39 from cities (9.6%). The odds ratio was 2.3: 1. The median age was from 5 to 36 months. The median was 16 months. The time ranged from 1 h to 1 year, with a median of 2 days. The peak incidence peak was from October to February (283 cases, 70.0%). The foreign body types were all food foreign bodies, of which 398 were plant foreign bodies, 215 cases, 53.1%). 94.1% of them had definite inducement, playing, crying, laughing and falling asleep more frequently, while 73.6% of them were extroverted and lively. Among the actual caregivers, 63.3% were grandparents, 97.5% were below the actual secondary schooling level and 56.8% were illiterates. 84.2% of caregivers have never heard of prevention of foreign body foreign body material. Conclusion There are geographical differences, gender differences, seasonal differences in the occurrence of foreign body of respiratory tract, and caregivers have lower cultural level. Strengthening parental health education may reduce the incidence of foreign body of respiratory tract.