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科学研究的核心在于理论的建构与验证。基于社会认同和群际关系研究的经验,本文提出了建构与验证心理学理论的四步方法:1)选择现象——观察我们身边及周围世界所发生的事件;2)寻找关键共性——厘定不同事件间的共同成份;3)抽象化(理论化)——提取关键共性中潜存的基本心理过程,并将其与已有的或者最新的理论相联系;4)验证假设——利用实验反复地验证理论。以上四个步骤引导着研究者针对现实生活中的社会事件展开科学研究。文章将以等级身份、身份霸权和桥梁身份等研究为例阐明上述方法,同时也提出在社会和人格心理学领域开展系统性研究的准则。
The core of scientific research lies in the construction and verification of theory. Based on the experience of social identity and interpersonal relationship research, this paper proposes a four-step approach to construct and validate psychology theory: 1) the phenomenon of choice - to observe the events that occur in the world around us and around us; 2) to find the key commonality - to determine Common components between different events; 3) Abstraction (theorization) - Extract the basic underlying psychological processes in key commonality and relate them to existing or newest theories; 4) Verify the hypothesis - Repeatedly verify the theory. The above four steps guide researchers to conduct scientific research on social events in real life. The essay will illustrate the above methods with the research of rank identity, identity hegemony and bridge identity, and also put forward the guidelines for conducting systematic research in the field of social and personality psychology.