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尘肺是严重危害工人身体健康的一种职业病,其危害程度除与作业环境中粉尘浓度和游离二氧化硅含量有关外,还与粉尘粒子的分散度有着密切的关系。尘肺病因学研究认为:只有呼吸到肺泡内并沉积下来的粉尘才有可能引起尘肺。因此,把能吸入到肺泡内的粉尘称为呼吸性粉尘(Respirable dust),一般是指小于5微米的尘粒。由于这部分粉尘对机体有明显的危害,因此各国学者对作业场所粉尘危害进行卫生学评价时,特别重视呼吸性粉尘的生物学作用。如美国、日本等国家已制订了呼吸性粉尘的卫生标准。还研制了呼吸性粉尘采样器。为了能对生产场所粉尘的危害进行正确的卫生学评价,在过去研制的基础上对呼吸性粉尘采样器进行了试制,并对其采尘效果进行卫生学评价。这一研究可为制订呼吸性粉尘卫生标准提供监测仪器和方法。
Pneumoconiosis is a kind of occupational disease that seriously endangers the health of workers. Its harmfulness is closely related to the dust concentration and free silica content in the working environment, as well as the dispersion of dust particles. Pneumoconiosis research suggests that pneumoconiosis may only be caused by the dust that is breathed into the alveoli and deposited. Therefore, the dust that can be inhaled into the alveolus is called Respirable dust, and generally refers to dust particles smaller than 5 microns. As this part of the dust on the body has obvious harm, so scholars from all over the country on the hazards of dust workplace hygiene evaluation, with particular emphasis on the biological role of respiratory dust. Such as the United States, Japan and other countries have formulated a health standard of respiratory dust. Breathing dust sampler has also been developed. In order to make proper hygienic evaluation of the hazards of dust in the production sites, a prototype of the respirable dust sampler was developed on the basis of the past research, and the hygienic evaluation of dust collection effects was conducted. This study will provide monitoring instruments and methods for developing respiratory hygiene standards.