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俄罗斯是世界上最主要的天然气生产国和出口贸易国,2012年其天然气产量6545×108m3,出口贸易量1787×108m3。俄罗斯天然气资源丰富,近20年来一直保持100%的天然气储量替代率,2005年以来新增储量与总产量基本持平。俄天然气资源主要集中在西西伯利亚、东西伯利亚、远东等地域,合计占资源总量的85%。俄气公司、卢克石油公司、俄油公司、诺瓦泰克公司是俄罗斯主要的天然气生产商,其中俄气公司生产的天然气占俄总产量的80%以上。俄罗斯还是世界上最大的管道天然气出口国,截至2011年底,输气管道总长度达16.47×104km。为了减少过境国带来的天然气出口不稳定性,今后俄出口管道建设主要考虑不经过中转国,直接向出口贸易国供气。欧洲是俄天然气出口的主要市场,约占其天然气出口量的80%,其次是独联体等国家,今后俄将加大向亚太市场的出口量。俄天然气对外出口贸易价格一般根据国际天然气市场价格和石油价格来确定,对独联体及波罗的海三国的销售价格与欧洲其他国家差距较大。俄罗斯天然气发展长期规划的制定,为世界能源市场天然气多元合作带来了新的机遇。
Russia is the world’s leading producer and exporter of natural gas. In 2012, its natural gas output was 6545 × 108 m3 and its export volume was 1787 × 108 m3. Russia is rich in natural gas resources and has maintained a 100% replacement rate of natural gas reserves in the past 20 years. Since 2005, the newly increased reserves and total output have basically remained unchanged. Russian natural gas resources are mainly concentrated in West Siberia, East Siberia, the Far East and other regions, together accounting for 85% of the total resources. Russian gas company, Lukoil, Russian oil company, Novatek company is Russia’s major natural gas producers, of which the Russian gas company’s natural gas production accounts for more than 80% of Russia’s total output. Russia is also the world’s largest pipeline natural gas exporter. By the end of 2011, the total length of gas transmission pipelines has reached 16.47 × 104km. In order to reduce the instability of natural gas exports brought by the transit countries, the future construction of the export pipeline in Russia will mainly consider directly supplying the exporting countries without transit. Europe is the major market for Russia’s natural gas exports, accounting for about 80% of its natural gas exports, followed by the CIS and other countries. In the future, Russia will increase its exports to the Asia-Pacific market. Russian natural gas export trade prices are generally based on the international gas market prices and oil prices to determine the CIS and the Baltic Sea sales price gap with the rest of Europe larger. The formulation of a long-term plan for the development of natural gas in Russia has brought new opportunities for the diversification of natural gas in the world energy market.