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本文报告了切尔诺贝利事故后受到影响的乌克兰三个人群(救援人员、30km区域内撤离人员、儿童和少年)在1990～2004年间健康状况的观察结果。受害者的总人数有22·5万人。受照剂量在0·25～0·70Gy的救援人员有7400人。观察的指标有随机性效应(甲状腺癌、白血病、妇女乳腺癌和其他恶性肿瘤的发病率)和确定性效应(急性放射病、白内障、非肿瘤性疾病,以及儿童和少年的健康状况),证明上述人群中这些效应的危险性有所增加。报告还分析了非照射因素在这些效应发生中所起的作用,说明这些疾病在发病原因上的多样性。
This article reports on the health status of three populations in Ukraine affected by the Chernobyl accident (aid workers, evacuees in the 30-km area, children and adolescents) between 1990 and 2004. The total number of victims is 225,000. There were 7,400 rescuers at doses between 0 · 25 and 0 · 70 Gy. The observed indicators were random effects (incidence of thyroid cancer, leukemia, breast cancer and other malignancies in women) and deterministic effects (acute radiation sickness, cataract, non-neoplastic disease, and health status of children and adolescents) The risk of these effects in the population has increased. The report also analyzes the role of non-irradiation factors in these effects and illustrates the diversity of the causes of these diseases.