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目的：提高ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类基因ＤＲ、ＤＱ位点分型的准确性，选择合适的供受者对，延长移植物的存活时间。方法：对４２９例肾移植供受者ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类基因分型进行了研究。ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ（聚合酶链式反应－序列特异性引物），全过程耗时３小时。结果：（１）用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ方法可同时、同条件进行ＩＬＡ－Ⅱ类ＤＲ、ＤＱ基因分型。（２）１７２例次供受者ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ位点０个错配（０ＭＭ），其移植肾１年存活率为１００％；１个错配（１ＭＭ）为９２６％；２个错配（２ＭＭ）为８６５％。（３）在与疾病相关的研究中发现，尿毒症患者ＤＲ１０比例明显高于正常人。供受者ＤＲ、ＤＱ位点基因频率及单倍型连锁不平衡参数与国内外报道大致相同。结论：初步建立起一套完整的ＨＬＡ分型手段，为进一步研究ＨＬＡ打下了基础。
OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of typing HLA-Ⅱ DR and DQ loci and to select appropriate donors and recipients to prolong graft survival. Methods: HLA-Ⅱ genotyping of 429 renal transplant recipients was studied. PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction - sequence specific primers), the entire process took 3 hours. Results: (1) The genotypes of DR and DQ of ILA-Ⅱcan be detected simultaneously and under the same conditions by PCR-SSP. (2) There were 0 mismatches (0MM) in HLA-DR locus in 172 donors and one-year survival rate of graft kidney was 100%; one mismatch (1MM) was 92.6%; two mismatches (2MM) is 86 5%. (3) In disease-related studies, it was found that the proportion of DR10 in uremic patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. Recipient DR, DQ locus gene frequency and haplotype linkage disequilibrium parameters and domestic and foreign reports about the same. Conclusion: A complete set of HLA typing methods was initially established, laying the foundation for further study of HLA.