一、前言随着社会经济建设的飞速发展,城市用水量日趋增长,尤其是冷却用水需求量增长甚快,以一个年产30万t合成氨工厂为例,其冷却水用量达2.4万m~3/h,一台100万大卡/时(1162.8kW)的制冷机,其冷却用水量达300m~3/h,一座10万kW电站,其冷却水量约需0.9万m~3/h。据有关部门提供的调查资料介绍,上海主要工业行业冷却塔拥有量为4544台,冷却水量为43.1万m~3/h,冷却 I. Introduction With the rapid development of social economy, the urban water consumption is increasing day by day, especially the demand for cooling water is increasing rapidly. Taking an annual output of 300,000 t ammonia plant as an example, the cooling water consumption reaches 24,000 m 3 / h, a 1 million kcal / hour (1162.8kW) refrigerator with cooling water consumption of 300m3 / h and a 100,000kW power station with a cooling water requirement of about 9,000m3 / h. According to the survey data provided by the relevant departments, Shanghai’s major industrial cooling towers own 4544 units and the cooling water volume is 431,000 m 3 / h. Cooling