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目的了解桂林市某设备锻造公司在生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素,为保护作业人员的身体健康提供依据。方法 2012年对该公司进行现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素现场检测及对作业人员健康检查的结果进行分析。结果该公司存在的主要职业病危害因素有生产性粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化锰、甲醇、苯及苯系物、噪声及高温等。作业环境中生产性粉尘时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)合格率为96.2%,短时间接触浓度(CSTEL)合格率为88.5%;生产性噪声合格率为56.5%,最高的噪声作业点等效声级达93.3 dB(A)。电测听检查结果发现,302名噪声作业人员(噪声组)听力异常率为24.2%,主要出现在高频段听力下降;噪声组中血压升高、心电图异常检出率分别是13.9%、12.3%。而在135人非噪声工种作业人员(非噪声组)中,血压升高、心电图异常检出率分别是5.2%、3.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论该公司职业病危害因素噪声强度偏高,噪声作业人员的身体健康受到一定的影响,应着重加强改善噪声作业环境,预防职业性噪声聋的发生。
Objective To understand the hazards of occupational diseases in the equipment manufacturing process of a forging company in Guilin and to provide the basis for protecting the health of workers. Methods In 2012, the company conducted on-site occupational hygiene investigation, on-site detection of occupational hazards and analysis of the results of the health check-up of workers. Results The company’s main occupational hazards are productive dust, carbon monoxide, manganese dioxide, methanol, benzene and benzene series, noise and high temperature. The occupational dust time-weighted average concentration (CTWA) pass rate was 96.2% and the short-term exposure concentration (CSTEL) pass rate was 88.5% in working environment. The pass rate of productive noise was 56.5% 93.3 dB (A). The results of electrical audiometry showed that the hearing loss rate of 302 noise workers (noise group) was 24.2%, mainly in the hearing loss of high frequency band. The blood pressure increased in noise group and the abnormality rate of electrocardiogram was 13.9% and 12.3% . However, among the 135 non-noise workers (non-noise group), the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure and ECG abnormalities were 5.2% and 3.0% respectively, with significant difference between the two groups (all P <0.01). Conclusion The noise intensity of occupational hazards in this company is high, and the health of noise workers is affected to a certain extent. We should focus on improving the noise environment and preventing the occurrence of occupational noise deafness.