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为掌握各外荷载对反射面表面形状的影响,为促动器提供调控依据,确保巨型射电望远镜结构在运营期间良好的工作性能,以上海65 m天线结构为研究对象,对其主反射面面形精度问题展开研究。首先阐述了反射面最佳吻合抛物面的求解方法及面形精度的计算方法;其后介绍了主反射面最佳安装调整角的求解方法,并给出了最佳安装调整角度;最后,分析了结构自重、风、温度作用对反射面面形精度的影响,并给出了分析结果,分析时考虑了不同俯仰角、不同风速、非均匀温度场及反射面板的影响。结果表明:主反射面最佳安装调整角为48.9°,由此求得重力荷载下的精度最大值为0.73 mm,对应俯仰角为5°;日照非均匀温度场作用对于天线结构面形精度的影响接近重力影响,不容忽视;而工作风速和均匀温度场作用下的精度较重力产生的影响小很多,有数量级的差异。该分析方法和结果也为该类全可动天线结构设计及面形精度分析提供了相应的参考,具有借鉴意义。
In order to grasp the influence of external loads on the surface shape of reflector, provide the basis for actuator regulation and ensure the good performance of giant radio telescope during operation, taking the 65 m antenna structure in Shanghai as the research object, Shape accuracy problem research. Firstly, the method of solving the best paraboloid reflection surface and the method of calculating the surface shape accuracy are described. Then the method of solving the optimal installation angle of the main reflector is introduced and the optimal installation angle is given. Finally, The effect of structure self-weight, wind and temperature on the profile accuracy of the reflecting surface is given. The analysis results are given and the effects of different pitch angles, different wind speeds, inhomogeneous temperature fields and reflecting panels are considered. The results show that the optimal installation angle of the main reflector is 48.9 °, and the maximum precision under gravity loading is 0.73 mm and the corresponding pitch angle is 5 °. The effect of inhomogeneous temperature field on the surface profile accuracy The impact of gravity near gravity can not be neglected. The accuracy of working wind speed and uniform temperature field is much smaller than that of gravity, and there is an order of magnitude difference. The analysis methods and results also provide reference for the design of such a fully-movable antenna structure and surface shape accuracy analysis, and have reference significance.