我国的铁路运输行业长期以来既是自然垄断行业又是关系到国计民生的社会服务行业,其定价行为不能仅以铁路部门的经济利益为标准。根据对自然垄断行业自身经济特性的分析以及“春运”与“黄金周”客流状况的差异,在这两类客流高峰采取有涨有压的区别定价方式,是一种可以兼顾社会福利与铁路部门经济利益的合理模式。 China’s railway transportation industry has long been both a natural monopoly industry and a social service industry related to national economy and the people’s livelihood. Its pricing behavior can not be based solely on the economic interests of the railway sector. Based on the analysis of the economic characteristics of the natural monopoly industries and the differences in passenger flow between Spring Festival and Golden Week, the two types of passenger flow peak take a differentiated and up-priced differential pricing method, which is a way to balance the social Welfare and Economic Benefit of Railways.