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美国国家实验室是国家级科研机构,由有关政府部、局直接管辖和支持。美国国家实验室共有700多个,科学家和工程师近20万人,年度经费总额约占整个联邦政府研究与发展经费总额666亿美元(1990)的1/3。其规模大小不等;其研究工作从研制核能、雷达直到冷冻桔子汁,涉及到每个美国公民。它承担着美国1/6的研究与发展任务,与私人企业、大学一起构成美国科技事业的三大主力。
The National Laboratory of the United States is a state-level research institute under the direct jurisdiction and support of the relevant government departments and bureaus. There are more than 700 U.S. national laboratories and nearly 200,000 scientists and engineers. The total annual funding accounts for about one-third of the total federal government research and development funding of 66.6 billion U.S. dollars (1990). Their size ranges from the development of nuclear energy and radar to the freezing of orange juice, involving every American citizen. It undertakes the research and development mission of 1/6 of the United States, together with private enterprises and universities, constitute the three main forces of the U.S. science and technology.